Automatic projection printer



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AUTOMATIC PROJECTION PRINTER Filed July 26, 1938 1l SheetS--Sl'leetI 5 h//Y/bm Bornem/7n IN VE N TORS Jan- 7, 194:1-l c. M. Tu'r'rLE Erm. 2,227,987

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AUTOMATIC PROJECTION PRINTER Filed July 26, 1938 11 Sheets-Shea?I 9 ffy'. 2 0

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AUTOMATIC PROJECTION PRINTER l Filed July 26, 1938 11 Sheets-Sheet l0y Jan. 7, 1941.

C. M. TUTTLE E.'l` AL AUTOMATIC IIDROJECTION PRINTER l1 Sheets-Sheet ll yPatented Jan. 7, 1941 UNITED STATES l AUTOMATIC PROJECTION PRINTER Clifton M. Tuttle and William Bornemann, Bochester, N. Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application July ze, 193s, serial No. 221,314

30 Claims.

The present invention relates to photographic printers, and more particularly to an automatic projection printer for use with miniature films of the "Bantam type.

One object of the invention is the provision of a photographic printer in which enlarged prints are continuously and automatically procured from miniature negatives.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an arrangement by which prints of equal x density are secured from negatives of varying densities.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an arrangement for automatically I5 varying the intensity of the light rays ofthe printing lamp in accordance with the negative density. v

Still another object of the invention is the provision of an arrangement by which the negazu tive surface is made to assume a definite position in space without clamping it between transparent plates.

Another object of the invention is the proysion of a suitable mechanism by which an image area 23 of a film strip is fed through and accurately positioned in a film gate.

Another object of the invention is the provision of such an arrangement by which the iilm gate is opened and closed in proper timed rela- 31 tion to the movement of the film strip therethrough.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an arrangement for maintaining the film strip in a taut condition while in the film gate.

35 Another object of the invention is theprovision of suitable mechanisms by which the change of intensity of the printing lamp is accomplished in proper timed relation to the feeding of the film strip through the lm gate.

w Another object of the invention is the provision of a shutter and an operating mechanism therefor which is controlled in timed relation to the film movement through the gate.

Another object of the invention is the provision 45 of a mechanism for feeding a strip of sensitized paper into position to be successively exposed to image bearing rays transmitted by different image areas of the film strip positioned in the nlm gate.

im Another object of the invention is the provision of supply and takeup reels for said sensitive pa.-

per, and mechanism for controlling the drive of said reels in proportion to the quantity of paper thereon.

-Another object of the invention is the provision of amechanism for automatically applying suitable identication marks at spaced intervals along the paper strip and outside of the picture areas thereon.

Another object of the invention is the provision of mechanisms for controlling the movement of the paper strip in proper timed relation to the film movement and shutter operation.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a constantly driven power shaft, with means 10 controlled by cams on the power shaft whereby the various mechanisms are operatively connected to and driven by the power shaft in proper timed relation to each other.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an arrangement for preventing the starting of the apparatus until the various mechanisms have been adjusted to a denite predetermined position, known as the starting position.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an arrangement by which two adjacent negatives are fed into positionin a double lm gate so that two prints may be simultaneously made on the sensitized paper.

To these and other ends, the invention resides in certain improvements and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end ofthe specification.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a. schematic perspective view of an automatic projection printer constructed in accordance with the present invention, showing the relation of the various elements, and the connecting means therebetween;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the left portion of the machine, illustrated schematically in Fig. 1, taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3, showing the relation of the printo ing lamps, film gate, and gate opening mechanism;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the lamp and photoelectric cell housings, with the cover plates removed, showing the relation of the various parts; 45

Fig. 4 is a side elevation view of the middle portion of the machine, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the side plate being removed, showing the various drive mechanisms, the shutter operating mechanism, the resistance actuating mechanism, and various control members;

Fig. 5 is a side elevation view of the right end of the machineillustrated in Fig. 1, with the side plate removed, showing the paper feeding and control mechanisms;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the control mechanisms for the lm and paper feeds;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation view of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 6;-

Fig. 8 is an end elevation taken substantially on the line 8-8 of Fig. 6, showing the clutch by which the fllm feeding mechanism is intermittently connected to the constantly driven power shaft;

Fig. 9 is an end elevation taken substantially on the line 9-9 of Fig. 6, showing theclutch by which the paper feeding mechanism is intermittently connected to the constantly driven power shaft;

Fig. 10 is a plan view, with parts in section, of the film feeding mechanism and the drive therefor;

Fig. l1 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line iI-ii of Fig. 10, showing the relation of the two lm drive sprockets, the unitary drive therefor, and the means for resiliently mounting one of the-sprockets to tension the film strip while the latter is in the film gate;

Fig. 12 is a vertical sectional view taken subtantially on the line i2l2 of Fig. 10, showing the mounting and the friction drive for the film takeup reel;

Fig. 13 .is a vertical sectional view taken sub- 30 stantially on the line I3-l3 of Fig. 10, showing the mounting of the film supply reel;

Fig. 14 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line Il--il of Fig. 4, with parts in section and parts in elevation, showing the exposing shutter, the power and shutter shafts and the various control cams thereon, and the variable resistances for varying the intensities of the printing lamps;

Fig. 15 is a horizontal sectional view taken sub- 40 stantially on the line I5-I5 of Fig. 14, showing the main drive shaft and the shutter shaft, and the connecting means therebetween for operating the shutter and for connecting the variable resistances into the lamp circuits;

Fig. 16 is a plan view of the cam for controlling the cutting of the variable resistances into andv cutting them out of the lamp circuits;

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary view of the upper end of the vertical drive shaft, with the machine housing in section, showing the dial or scale for indicating the various starting positions of the machine;

Fig. 18 is a horizontal sectional view through one end of the film' gate, showing the relation thereto of the removal film clamping members, and the means for holding these members in proper position in the gate;

Fig. 19 is a vertical sectional view of the portion of the apparatus shown at the right end of the machine illustrated in Fig. 1, and taken substantially on the line IS-i! of Fig. 5, with parts in section and parts in elevation, showing the' relation of the paper supporting drum and the paper feed and supply reelspindles;

Fig. 20 is a horizontal sectional view through the upper portion of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 5 and substantially on the line 20--20 of the latter, showing the arrangement of the variable friction speed drive for the paper supply spindle, a similar drive being used for the paper takeup spindle;

Fig. 21 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 2|2| of Fig. 22, showing T the relation of the paper perforating mechanism 5 and the paper advancing drum, and the drive and control means of the perforating mechanism;

Fig. 22 is a side elevation view o! a portion of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 5, with parts in section and parts in elevation, showing the paper perforating mechanism and the cam control means therefor;

Fig. 23 is a side elevation view of the paper supporting and advancing drum and the paper gate, with parts in section and parts in elevation, showing the relation of the various parts of the paper gate and the relation of the latter to the paper supporting or advancing drum;

Fig. 24 is a front elevation view of the paper gate, with parts in section and parts in elevation, showing the relation of the paper gate parts, and the arrangement for advancing the gate across the face of the advancing drum, as well as the means for releasably holding the gate in paper clamping position;

Fig. 25 is a diagrammatic wiring diagram of the various electrical circuits of the machine;

Fig. 26 is a timing chart for the printer, showing the timed relation of the various operations for printing a strip of eight negatives;

Fig. 27 is a view of a portion of the film strip from which the prints are made, showing the arrangement by which separate film strips of eight exposures each are spliced together to provide a continuous film strip which is. automatically fed through the machine; and

Fig. 28 is a portion of the continuous sensitized paper strip on which the enlarged pictures or prints are made, showing the position and relation of the trimming perforations along one edge of the strip, and the identifying perforations along the opposite edge of the strip.

Similar reference numerals throughout the various views indicate the same parts.

Film for use in still cameras is usually in the form of a sensitized strip on which the various exposures are made. In the case of Bantam film, as well as many other miniature films, the lm strip 30 is arranged to provide 8 exposures or image areas as best shown at 3l, Fig. 27. 'I'his film strip is fed through a camera, of any desired or well-known construction, by means of a sprocket the teeth of which engage the marginal perforations 32 formed on the strip 30, there .being one perforation for each image area, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 27. As neither the camera nor the film feeding means constitute a part of lthe present invention they are not disclosed or illustrated herein.

As these various image areas are quite small, being 28 x 40 mm. in the case of Bantam lm. it is usual practice to make enlarged prints therefrom by means of a projection printer, as is well known. To facilitate the rapid printing of a number of these separate 8 exposure strips, the

5 unexposed end portions of the strip are spliced,

cemented, or otherwise connected together, to form, in effect, a continued film strip somewhat resembling the well-known negative motion picture film. I'his continuous negative strip is then run through a projection printer to successively bring the various negative image areas into projecting position to form enlarged prints or positives, as is well known to those in the art.

However, in preparing these separate 8 exposure strips for use in the machine of the present invention, each strip is trimmed, before splicing, to provide an end tab 33, see Fig. 27, which is substantially equal in length to one half of an image area Il. Thus, when the end tabs 33 of two adjacent strips are spliced together they which controls a paper feeding mechanism, to

form a strip connecting member or blank 34, Fig. 27 which is equal in size to one of the image areas 3|, as clearly shown in Fig. 27. By means r an upright or vertical control Qiaft 46.

of this arrangement, a continuous 111m strip is formed, the various separate 8 exposure strips being spaced apart a distance of precisely one image area, the purpose of which'construction will be later described.

With such a machine, the desired number of separate 8 exposure strips are wound into a continuous roll on a supply reel, and are consecutively fed into position in the film gate. In order to increase the machine output, two film areas are simultaneously positioned in a double film gate, the strip being threaded through the gate to bring the first pair of images into position therein. The positive paper strip is then threaded into position to receive the enlarged images of the pair of negatives. Afterwards, an electrical switch is closed and the machine then operates automatically to successively make pairs of enlarged prints until the end of the negative film strip is reached, all of which will be hereinafter more fully'described.

Each of these two negatives, while clamped in the film. gate, is illuminated by separate.

sources of dimmed diffused light, a fixed resistance being inserted in each lamp circuit to dim the light during the measurini7 operation. The light transmitted by each image area is then measured by a pair of photosensitive elements positioned in a rectangular box which fences in the image area. The light incident upon the photoelectric cells adjusts a movable arm or contact member of a variable resistance or rheostat of the type shown and described in the patent to Tuttle Number 1,976,310, issued October 9. 1934. A short time in the cycle is allowed for this measurement, as shown in the timing chart Fig. 26, after which the insulating bars are closed to grip the contact member to insert in the-lamp circuit a resistance commensurate with its light transmission, as measured by the photoelectric element.

A shutter then automatically opens for a constant time interval to expose a strip of positive sensitized paper to the image bearing rays transmitted by a pair of negative image areas positioned in the film gate so as to simultaneously make two prints from the adjacentl negatives.v

After the shutter closes, the cams on the constantly driven power shaft .act to trip overrunning clutches which automatically connect the film and paper feeding mechanisms to the power shaft lto pull down the paper and film the proper distances to bring the next two negatives into the film gate and to .also feed an unexposed part of the paper into exposing position.

Fig. 1 shows an automatic projection printer constructed in accordance with the preferredr embodiments of the invention. In this embodiment an electric motor 36, through a belt or other suitable connection, drives a main drive shaft a1 which is geared by girs as and as to The shaft 40 is connected by the bevel gears 4| and 42 to a cross shaft 43 which, in turn, is connected by a pair of bevel gears 44 and 45 to a shutter drive shaft 46. The main drive shaft 31 is terminated at each end by overrunning clutches 41 and 4B. The clut'ch 41 is adapted to be connected vto an extension drive shaft which operates a film feeding mechanism to ybe later described. The clutch 48 on the other hand, is adapted to vbe connected to an extension drive shaft 5I be hereinafter described. l

While the main drive shaft 31 is constantly driven, the extension shafts 56 and Il are driven only upon the tripping of the clutches 41 and 4l. as will be apparent upon inspection of Fig. l and later described. The-upright shaft 46, the cross drive shaft 43, the shutter shaft 46, are all constantly driven from and in unison with the main drive shaft 31, as-is obvious from an inspection oi' Fig. l. These shafts may, therefore, be broadly considered as a single constantly driven power shaft.

The vertical shaft 46 has mounted thereon, as shown in Fig. 1, a cam 52 against which a roller 53 is adapted to ride. This roller is mounted on 4 one end of a spring mounted arm 54 -pivoted at 55 to the'machine frame, as best shown in Figs. 6 and 7, and to be later described. The other end of the arm 54 is connected by a cable or cord 56 to a spring pressed plunger 51, the nose 58 of which is adapted to engage a lug 59 on the clutch 41, as best shown in Fig. 8, to disengage the clutch 41. The cable 56 is guided over idler pulleys 60 mounted on a supporting bracket 6I in which the plunger 51 is reciprocally mounted. It is thus apparent from an inspection of Figs. 1, 6, and 8, that when one of the actuating portions 62 of the cam 52 engages the roller 53, the lever 54 will be rotated in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 6, about the pivot 55 to pull the cable 56 to thus move the plunger 51 to the right, as viewed in Fig. 8, and out of contact with the lug 59. This movement of the plunger 51 will engage the clutch 41 to connect the shaft 50 to the main drive shaft 31, as is apparent. As there are four actuating portions 62 on the cam 52, the clutch 41 will be connected four times in each revolution of the shaft 40, the purpose of which relation will be later described.

The shaft 46 has also mounted thereon a second cam 64, identical with and positioned slightly above the cam 52, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 4. A roller 65, simil-ar to or identical with the roller 53, is mounted on one end of a. spring pressed arm 66 pivoted at 61 to the machine frame, as best shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The other end of the arm 66 carries a pin 66 engagable in a slot 69 on the end of a spring pressed arm 10 pivoted ,at 1i to the machine frame. The other nd of the arm 16 is connected by a cord or cable 12 to a spring pressed plunger 13, the nose 14 of which engages alug 15 on the clutch 46 to disengage the latter to disconnect the lshaft 5i from the drive shaft 31. The cable 12 passes over idler pulleys 66 mounted on a bracket 61 in which the plunger 13 is mounted, as best shown in Fig. 9. Thus, when one of the actuating portions 16 on the cam 64 engages the roller 65, the arm 6 6 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction about the pivot 61, as viewed in Fig. 6. This movement of the arm 66 rotates the arm 16 in a clockwise direction about its pivot 1I to pull the cable 12 to disengage the nose 14 of the plunger 13 from the lug 15 to engage the clutch 46, and thus connect the'shaft 5l to the power y driven shaft 31. The cam 6 4 being identical to cam 52 also has four roller actuating portions 16.

In order to maintain the rollers 53 and 65 in positive engagement with the cams 52 and 64, the arms 54, 66, and 16, are spring actuated at their pivot points 55, 61, and 1I respectively. As these spring actuated pivots are all identical in construction, only one will be described, Jthe corresponding parts in all the pivots being des- 3| in the film gate |02.

'may be simultaneously projected and printed,

ignated by the same numerals. As shown in Fig. 7, each pivot comprises a stud 11, the upper end of which is formed with a small pin 18 which extends through the arm 54, the latter being secured to the stud by means of screwsA 19, or other suitable fastening means. A reduced intermediate portion of the stud 11 is received in a ball bearing 8| positioned in a recess 82 formed in the adjacent portion of the machine frame. The bearing 8| is held in pcsition in the recess l2 by a fiat annular plate or washer 83 through which the stud 11 extends as shown in Fig. '7. The stud 11 and the bearing 8| are maintained in assembled relation by means of a nut 84 engaging the reduced threaded portion 85 formed at the end of the stud 11, as clearly shown in Fig. 7. A coil spring 86 is wrapped around the stud 11 has one end anchored to the arm 54 while the other end is secured, in any suitable manner, to the plate 83. By means of these spring pivots, the rollers 53 and 65 arc always maintained in engagement with the cams 52 and 64, as is apparent from an inspection of Figs. 6 and 7.

Each time the clutch 41 is engaged, as described above, the shaft 50 is connected to and driven by the constantly driven power shaft 31. When the shaft 50 is thus rotated, a gear 88 thereon drives a gear 89 secured to a vertical shaft 90, enclosed in a housing or casing 9| suitably secured to the machine frame. The shaft 90 is guided in sleeve bearings 92 in the housing 9|, and supported by ball bearings 93, positioned as shown in Fig. 1l, the mechanical details of which will be apparent to those in the art. A central bearing 94 of an inverted cup-shaped sprocket member, generally indicated by the numeral 95, rests on the upper ball bearing 93 and is secured by means of a key 96 to the shaft 90. A nut 91, threaded on or pinned to the top end of the shaft 90, holds the sprocket member in position thereon, as is apparent from an inspection of Fig. 11. 'I'he ratio of the gears 88 and 89, and the gears 38 and 39, are such that the vertical shaft 40 is driven at the same speed as the shaft 31, and twice the speed' of the shaft 90, the purpose of which will be later described.

A disk-shaped portion 98 connects the bearing 94 of the sprocket member 94 to an annular ring member 99 of the shape best sho'wn in Fig. 11. The lower edge of the member 99 is formed with film engaging teeth |00 adapted to engage the lm perforations 3| to intermittently move the film strip 30 through a double film gate, generally indicated by the numeral |02 and later more fully described. The arrangement is such that each time the sprocket 95 is actuated, it moves a distance of two teeth to thus position a pair of adjacent image areas The two image areas thus. materially increasing the output of the machine.

The teeth` |00 are arranged in two groups of eight each, as clearly shown in Fig. 10. Thus one-half revolution of the shaft 90 and the sprocket 95 will move one strip 30 of eight exposures through the film gate |02. However, as two adjacent image areas are simultaneously positionedin the gate, the sprocket 95 is moved only fourftimes tobring the eight image areas 3| into position. ...Howeveig as the shaft 40 ro'- tates twice asfast as the shaft 98, it will make one complete revolutionl in bringing the four pair of image areas into position. Therefore, the cam 52 is provided with four roller actuating portions 82, as is apparent. However, to position the first two image areas 3| of each strip 30 in position in the gate, the strip must be moved a distance equal to the three image areas, as shown at A, Fig. 2'7, due to the presence of the connecting blank 34.

The remaining image areas are successively positioned by moving the strip a. distance of only two image areas, as shown at B, Fig. 27. The sequence of operation for each strip is thus 3-2-2-2 as clearly shown in Fig. 27. Such actuation of the sprocket 95 is controlled by the arrangement of the actuating portions82 on the cam 52. The timing chart, Fig. 26, shows the timed relation of these film movements. 'It will be seen from the chart that the film pull down at the beginning of the cycle (3 frames) is longer than the remaining three pull downs which are all equal in length (2 frames). As cam design and construction is well known to those in the machine shop practice a detailed description of the specific cam structure is not deemed necessary. In order to prevent puncturing of the blank connection member 34, the sprocket 95 is provided with diametrically arranged portions |03 from which the sprocket teeth are omitted, as clearly shown in Fig. l0. The strips 30 are held against the sprocket 95 by a roller |04 mounted on the free end of a spring pressed arm |05 pivoted at |06 to the machine frame, in any suitable and well-known manner.

An inverted cup-shaped sprocket |01, see Fig. ll, is positioned on the opposite side of the gate |02 from the sprocket 95, and cooperates with the latter in feeding the film strips 30 through the gate. The sprocket |01 is one-half the diameter of the sprocket 95 and is provided with eight film engaging teeth |08. A blank space |09 is also provided to compensate for the nonperforated connecting member 34. A shaft I|0 extends upwardly through a tubular portion on the machine frame, and is provided with a reduced upper portion I|2 on which are mounted a pair of ball bearings ||3 which support a central core ||4 on the sprocket |01, all as clearly shown in Fig. 11. A coll spring |I5 surrounds the core ||4 and has one end H8 secured to the under side of the sprocket |01, and the other end ||1 anchored to a plate I|8 pinned to the shaft ||0. By means of this arrangement, a flexible drive is provided between the shaft I0 and the small film feeding sprocket |01. A hand knob ||9 is secured to the top of the sprocket |01 by which the latter may be rotated, against the action of the spring H5, to thread the film strip over the sprocket |01 when the machine is originally threaded. When the latter is thus rotated, the shaft I0 of course being stationary, the spring H5 is thus wound up or tensioned. This tension spring thus continually exerts a backward pull on the film strip which tensions or stretches the latter to maintain it in a taut condition while it is clamped in the film gate.

The lower end of the shaft ||0Yhas pinned thereto a bevel gear |2=| which meshes with a bevel gear |22 pinned on one end of a shaft |23 the other end of which carries a bevel gear |24 engaging a bevelgear |25 secured to the lower reduced end |26 of the shaft 90. Suitable 'bearings |21 are provided for supporting the shaft |23. all as'shown in Fig. 1l. The sprocket |01 is' thus driven by the shaft 90 and in unison with the sprocket 95. 'I'he gear ratio however, is such that the sprocket |01 will make a complete revolution during the feeding of .the strip of eight exposures through the gate |02, while the sprocket 95 makes only a half revolution, as pointed out above. A spring actuated sprocket guide l|28 pivoted at |29, maintains the film strip 30 in engagement with the sprocket |01.

Film is supplied to the sprocket |01 from a supply reel |30, see Fig. 13, mounted on a supply spindle |3|, the lower reduced shank |32 of which is guided in a tubular bearing |33. In order .to prevent overrunning of the reel |30, a friction brake means is provided. This 'brake comprisesr ay stationary disk |34 secured to the bearing |33. and a rotating disk |35 splined to the shaft |32 and movable into engagement with the disk |34 `to retard the movement of the reel |30. A coil spring |36 is positioned intermdiate the disk |35 and an adjustable nut |31 mounted on a threaded portion |38 of the shank |32. By adjusting the nut |31, the tension of the spring |36 may be varied .to control the braking effect between the disks |34 and |35, as is apparent from an inspection of Fig. 13.

From sprocket 95, the film strip 30 is directed to and wound upon a takeup reel |39 mounted on lthe upper end of a spindle |40 supponted in bearings |4| formed in a bracket |42 depending from the machine frame, as clearly shown in Fig. 12. The spindle |40 is preferably driven from the shaft 90. To this end, the spindle |40 has operatively connected thereto a grooved pulley |43, Fig. 12, which is connected by a belt |44, see Fig. 10, to a grooved pulley |45, Fig. 1l, loosely mounted on the lower end of the shaft 90. A collar |46 is pinned to the lower end of the shaft 90 to hold the pulley thereon. In order to drive the spindle |39 at the proper speed relative to .the shaft 90. the lower end of the latter has pinned thereon a gear |41 connected with a gear |48 pinned t'o a stub shaft |49 supported in a sleeve bearing |50 secured to and depending from the bottom of the housing 9|. A second gear 5| is also pinned to the shaft |49 and meshes with a gear |52 carried by the pulley |45, as clearly shown in Fig. 11.

The takeup spindle |40 is thus driven by theI shaft 90 and the relative speed thereof is determined by the ratio of the gear train |41, |48, |5|, and |52. It is apparent that as the roll of film on .the takeup reel .|39 increases in diameter, the amount of film wound thereon at each revolution thereof also increases, as is well known. However, as the sprocket 95 is feeding the film to 4the tak-eup 'reel at a. uniform lineal speed, the

takeup reel would tend to wind the film faster than it is being fed thereto by the sprocket 95. Obviously,l such a condition cannot continue without ultimately breaking the film strip. In

order iso-overcome this dimculty, a slip clutch is provided for gradually decreasing the speed of rotation on the takeupreel as the roll of film thereon increases in diameter.

To this end, the spindle |40 has splined thereon a-friction disk |56 adapted to engage a complementary disk |51 secured to a sleeve |58 to the lower end of which the pulley |43 is attached, the pulley being loosely mounted on the shaft |40, all as shovm in Fig. 12. The pressure of .the disk |56 on the disk |51 is controlled by a coil spring |59 positioned between the disk |56 and an adjust-able collar or nut |60 pinned on a sleeve |6| -threaded in a bushing |62 positioned in the upper bearing |4I. The upper end of .the sleeve |6| is provided with an adjusting knob |63 by which the ventical position of the nut |60 may be adjusted for controlling the tension of the spring |59, and hence the pressure of the disk |56 on -the disk |51. when the takeup reel .tends to wind the film faster than is being fed by the sprocket 95, the iilm tension will cause the disk |56 to slip on the disk |51 to reduce or retard the rotation of the reel |39, so .that the latter will wind the lm thereon at the same lineal rate as delivered by the sprocket 95;

The film gate |02 comprises a. stationary member |64 secured to one wall |65 of the lamphousing, broadly designated by the numeral |66, ,andv a movable member |61 mounted on an" extension of the rear wall |68 of the cel-l housing |69, all as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. 'I'hese two gate members are formed with grooves |10, Fig. 2, for slidably receiving a pair of film clamping members |1| and |12 which are held in position inthe gate by pins |13 formed on the ends of spring pressed plungers 14 and arranged to extend into registering openings |15 in .the clamping mem-bers, as best shown in Fig. 18. When the members |1| and |12 are to be removed, the pins |13 are withdrawn from the openings |15 `by moving the fingers |16 for the plungers |14 outwardly against the action of the springs |11. The film clamping members |1| and |12 may then be removed by gripping the knobs |18 secured to one end of the members, as best shown in Fig. 18.

When .the clamping members |1| and |12 are in position in the gate, a pair of apertures |19 thereof register with openings formed in the members |64 and |61 to provide a double film gate in which a pair of adjacent image areas 3| may be simultaneously clamped for exposure. In order to make the negative surface assume a definite position in space without clamping them between .transparent plates, the film engaging surfaces of the film clamping members |1| and |12 are curved in the form of a circular cylinder with its axis parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the film strip, as shown at |8|, Figs. 1 and The central portion of :the gate member |61 has secured thereto a vertical plate |84 which cooperates with the side walls |85 of the lm housing |69 to separately "fence in .the two ima-ge areas positioned in the film gate so that the in- .tensi-ty of the image rays transmitted by each of the 'areas may be measured, as later described. The opposite end of .the plate |84 has secured thereto a cable |86 which is guided over an idler pulley |81 and connected o an annular ring |88, the lower en-d of which is formed toA provide a collar |89 having a central opening |98 adapted to receive a rod |9| which is pinned to the collar, as best shown in Fig. 2. The lower end of the rod ISI is guided in -the bearing |92, while 'the upper end carries a roller |93 adapted .to be engaged by actuating portions |94 on the cam |95 mounted on the end of the shutter shaft 46. Thus when one of the portions |94 of the cam |95 engages the roller |93, the rod |9| and ring |88 are moved downward-1y tomove the' cord |86 and plate |84 to open the gate,.as is apparent from an inspection of Fig. 2. The actuating portions With this arrangement,

|94 are so placed as to open the gate in timed of each strip. Therefore, the cam |99 is provided with four actuating portions |99, the shaft 99 rotating the same speed as .the shaft 99.

After the actuating portion |99 moves out of engagement with the roller |99, the ring |99 and the rod I9I are returned to normal position by means of a coil spring |99 surrounding the rod |9| interposed between the collar |99 and the bearing |92, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. During the gate opening operation, the gate member |91 is guided by means of studs |91 secured to the fronts thereof and supported in tubular guide members |99 mounted on the wall |99 of the cell housing |99, as best shown in Fig. 3. 'I'he gate members are moved to closed or film clamping position by means of coil springs |99 surrounding the guide members |99 and interposing between the gate members |91 'and collars 299 formed on the members |99, as shown in Fig. 3.

Each of the two image areas when positioned and clamped in the nim gate, is illuminated by a separate source of diffused light from a lamp 292 `which is suitably supported in the machine frame, as shown in Fig. 2. 'I'hese lamps are connected in the electrical circuit as shown in the wiring diagram of Fig. 25, to be later described. Refiectors 293 are positioned behind each lamp, and are mounted on rods 299 which are slidably mounted in bearings 299 found on the rear wall 299 of the lamphousing |99. Hand knobs 291 are provided on the outer ends of the rods 299 to facilitate adjustment of the reflectors. A blower 299 is positioned below the lamps 292, see Fig. 2, and is arranged to blow cooling air upwardly through the lamphousing |99 to cool the lamps as is well known.

In order to provide an illuminating system which will produce an intensive light, evenly diffused, a pair of internally reilecting members or blocks 299 are positioned between the lamps 292 and the film gate |92. The diffusing members are of the type disclosed and described in the patent to Capstaif Number 1,880,414 issued October e, 1932, to which reference may be had for more complete disclosure. Such diuslng members integrate the light and give uniform illumination at the film gate. As the filaments of the lamps 292 are, of necessity, positioned apart a distance greater than that between the adjacent image areas in the fllm gate, the blocks 299 of the shape best shown in Fig. 3. Suitable diffusing members 2|9 of ground or flashed opal glass are positioned at opposite ends ofl the reectins blocks or prisms 299. 'Ihese prisms are positioned on a plate 2|| which is secured by dowels 2|2 and screws 2|9 to the machine frame, as best shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Retaining strips 2|9 are yscrewed or otherwise secured to the plate 2|| to hold the members 299 against lateralmovement. A plate 2|9 secured to the left end of the plate 2||, Fig. 2, cooperates with the wall |99 of the lamphousing |99 to hold the members 299 and 2|9 against endwise movement. A strip 2|9 extends across the top of the prisms 299 and is heid in place by screws 2|1 which extend into a threaded opening formed in the top of studs 2 I9, the lower ends 2 |9 of which are threaded into the plate 2| I.

Image bearing rays transmitted by theareas 9| in the film gate |92 are measured by photosensitive elements arranged in the cell housing |99. During the measuring operation, fixed resistances 22| are inserted in the lamp circuits, as shown in Fig. 25, and later described, to dim the lamps 292 during the measuring operation. These photosensitive elements are preferably in the form of photoeiectric cells 222, two of which are positioned inthe front or right end of each compartment 229 formed by the side walls |99 and the plate |99, as shown in Fig. 3. While the cells 222 are positioned out of the direct path of the image bearing rays, they effectively measure the light transmission thereof. A short time in the cycle is allowed for this measuring operation, as shown in the timing diagram Fig. 26.

Each pair of cells 222 is connected to a variable resistance 229, see Figs. '14 and 25, adapted to be inserted in the circuit of one of the lamps 292 to control the printing intensity thereof in proportion to the intensity of the measuring rays. This resistance is of the type shown and described in the patent to Tuttle, 1,976,310, issued October 9, 1934, and comprises broadly a pair of normally spaced insulating bars 229 and 229 on which turns of wire are wound. A contact element 221 is movable between and lengthwise of the bars to control the number of turns of wire, and hence the resistance inserted 'in the lamp circuit, as is apparent from Fig. 25. When the bars are spaced apart, the contact element 221 may be positioned therebetween in proper relation to the intensity of the image light rays reaching cells 222 during the measuring operation. Upon closing the bars, as vwill be presently described, the proper resistance is inserted in the circuit of the lamp 292 to regulate the intensity thereof to a value necessary to print the image 9| clamped in the film gate |92.

Each of the bars 229 is preferably fixed and the bar 229 is movable relative thereto to clamp the contact element 221 therebetween, as shown and described in the above-mentioned patent' to Tuttle. Each bar 229 is provided with a pair of depending studs 229 which project through openings, not shown, the bottom 229 of the resistance casing, and are connected by a cross bar 299, all as shown in Fig. 14. Coil springs 29| surround the studs 229 and are interposed between the bottom 229 and the cross bar 299 and tend to move the latter downwardly to disengage the member 221, as is apparent from an inspection of Fig. 14.

The bars 299 rest at their mid points on adjustable plns 292 carried by the ends of a cross arm 299 which is pinned or otherwise secured to a vertical movable rod 299 the upper portion of which is guided in a long tubular member 299, as best shown in Fig. 14. A coil spring 299 surrounds the member 299, and is interposed between a portion 291 of the machine frame and a collar 299 formed on the cross arm 299 and tends to move the latter downwardly. When the arm 299 is thus moved downwardly, under the action of the spring 299, each pin 292 tend to move out of contact with the arm 299 so that the latter, and hence the bar 229, may also be'moved downwardly by the springs 29| to disconnect the member 221. It is apparent, however. that if the rod 299 is moved upwardly, the bar 229 will also be moved upwardly to clamp the contact element 221 to thus insert the adjusted resistance 229 in the lamp circuit.

To secure this result the lower end of the rod 299 is provided with a roller 299 adapted to ride on the cam 299 mounted on the shutter shaft 99. As pointed out above, the 'shaft 99 rotates the same speed as the shaft 99. Therefore, the cam 299 is provided with four actuating portions 29| to operate the variable remstance four times with each cycle of four double exposures, the purpose of which arrangement has been pointed out above. A separate fixed resistance 242 is preferably inserted in parallel with they variable resistance 224, as shown in Fig. 25. The resistance 242 is adjusted at the factory yso as far as the customer is concerned it is a xed resistance. The use of this additional fixed resistance is desirable in that it. takes some of the load ci! the variable resistance 224; it establishes a desirableL relation between the total resistances; and .also Agives the desired relation between meter deflection, resultant total resistance, and the'resul-tant intensity of the lamp. VThe various resistances are inserted in the lamp circuit by means of a pair of micro switches 244 of any well-known construction, mounted on a bracket 24.6 which is secured to the machine frame, in the manner best shown in Figs. 4 and 14. The switches 244 are connected into the circuit of the lamp 262 in the manner clearly shown 1n the wiring diagram Fig. 25. Each micro switch is provided with a depending spring pressed plunger 246 arranged to be operated by an arm'241 pinned on and movable as a unit with the rod 234, as best shown in Fig. 14. shown in Fig. 14, the arm 241 1s cut of contact with the plunger 246 and the latter is moved downwardly under the action of a spring, not shown, to close the circuit to the fixed resistance 22|, -as illustrated at the right of Fig. 25. When, however, the rod 234 is moved upwardly toA clamp the rods 225 and 226, the arm 241 engages the Images of the two negatives in the gate |62 are,

formed by two projecting lenses 246 of the same focal length, sufficiently decentered to preventoverlapping of the two images. These projecting lenses are positioned in the cell housing |66 adjacent the photoelectric cell 222, as best shown in Fig. 2. A shutter, generally indicated by the numeral 258, is positioned just in front of the lenses 249, and is opened for constant time intervals during which the printing takes place.

In the present embodiment, the shutter comprises a pair of leaf members 26| pivotally mounted on the shaft 46, and arranged 'to cover and uncover the projecting lenses 248 to control the time of exposure. Each leaf member 26| has formed integral therewith a short depending `leaf actuatingmember 262 positioned on the opposite side of the shaft 46,.as best shown in Fig. 14. When these actuating members 252 are moved outwardly, the leaf members 25| are also moved outwardly to uncoverthe lenses 249 and vice versa', as will be readily apparent from an inspection of Fig. 14. Each actuating member 262 is connected by pivoted links 263 and 264 to ap'in 266 securedto a vertical rod 256 movable in guides 261 formed on the standard 258 the lower end of which is formed with a base 266 secured by screws or other fastening means to the machine frame, all as shown in Fig. 14. By means of this arrangement, movement of the rod 266 along the guidek 261 serves to actuate the shutter leaf members 26|, as is apparent.

When the rod 234 is in the posi-tionA While the switches 244 have The upperend of the rod 266 is secured, in any well-known manner, to the rim 268 of an annular disk-shaped member, broadly designated by 26|, Figs. 4 and 14, the bottom 262 of which is formed with a slot 268 through which the shaft 46 extends, as best shown in Fig. 4.` A cam 264 is mounted on the shaft 46 and is positioned within the member 26| so that the cam actuating portion 266 will engage ,the inner surface ofthe rim 266 to intermittently lift the member 26| and rod 256 to open'theshutter to make the exposure. The cam 264 is provided withfour such actuating portions, for reasons pointed out above. A spring 266 has one end thereof anchored to the machine frame, Fig. 14, and the other end secured to the bottom of' the rod 256 and tendsto pull the latter and the member 26| downwardly to move the shutter blades 25| into light obstructing or shielding position. Y

When the shutter is thus opened, two exposures are simultaneously made of the two pairs of image areas 8| clamped in the film gate. These areas, somewhat enlarged, are printed on a .continuous strip of sensitized photographic paper 268 which is threaded over and intermittently advanced by a'drum v269 to bring unexposed portions of the paper into position to receive the image bearing rays transmitted by the image areas '-3I. The drum 266 is mounted on and driven by a shaft 216 one end of which carries the worm wheel 21| which is engaged and driven by a worm 212 mounted on the right end, Fig. 1, of the shaft 6|. Thus when the clutch 48 is engaged, the shaft is driven to thus drive the drum` 266 to advance the paper strip to move the exposed portion out of position and-to bring an unexposed portion into printing position. As a pair of pictures 218, see Fig. 28, are printed at one time, obviously the paper 268 will be shifted four times to print each strip of eight negatives. Therefore, the cam 64 is provided with four actuating portions 16 so that the clutch 48 will be operated four times in printing eight image areas 3| of the film strip, as is apparent. e

'I'he paper strip 268 is held in engagement with the periphery of the advancing drum 268 by means of a gate member, generally indicated by thelnumeral 213. 'I'his gate comprises, in general, a backing or supporting member 214, and a paper engaging member 216, both of which are formed with pairs of registering apertures 216 which frame the prints being made on the paper strip 268. The inner surface 211 of the member 216 is curved, as best shown in Fig. 23, concentrically with the drum 266 so as to engage the paper strip 268 to securely retain the latter against the periphery of the drum 268. The member 216 carries three studs' 218 which project through and are supported in sleeve bearings 219 formed on the backing or s pporting member i214, Fig. 23. By means of t As arrangement, the mem-ber .216 may shift or adjust itself relative to the member 21,4' to insure adequate coni `tact with `the paper strip. Recesses"'286 are formed in thelnember 214 to receive coil springs 28| whlch'surround the studs 218 and are interposed between the members 214 and 216, as clearly shown in Fig. 23.v These coil springs reslliently urge the member 216 into engagement with the paper strip 268, as is apparent from an inspection of Fig. 23.

Fig. 24 .shows a cantilever rod 282 which is secured by a nut 288, and has loosely mounted thereonv a long tubular member or sleeve 284 which provides a support for spaced bearings 286 76 and 286 projecting upwardly from the backing member 214. The bearing 285 is loosely mounted on the sleeve 284 and the bearing 286 has positioned therein an internally threaded bushing 281 adapted to engage a threaded portion 288 formed on the left end of the sleeve 284. The opposite end of the sleeve has formed thereon a knob 289 by which the sleeve may be rotated on the rod 282. It is thus apparent from an inspection of Fig. 24 that if the knob 289 is rotated, the bearing 286 and hence the gate 213 will be moved axially along the rod 282 to move or adjust the gate 213 as a unit across the face of the drum 269. The sleeve 284 is held against axial movement by a nut 290 threadedly mounted on a reduced end portion 291 of the rod 282, and engages the face 292 of the knob 289, as clearly shown in Fig. 24. Thus by merely rotating the knob 289, the gate 213 may be moved across the drum face in proper position so that the apertures 216 thereof will frame theimage area to be printed on the paper strip 268.

As shown in Fig. 24, the gate 213 is held in paper clamping or contacting position by means of a pin 295 which slidably extends through spaced depending bearings 296 on the member 213 into a registering opening 291 formed in the partition member 360, later described. A coil spring 298 surrounds the pin 295 and is interposed between a face 299 of the right bearing 296 and a collar 300 suitably secured to the pin 295. This spring tends to urge the pin 295 to .the left, as viewed in Fig. 24, so that the end 301 thereof will be positioned in the opening 291 to hold the gate in paper contact position. A finger knob 302 has a shank 303 secured to the pin 295 and adapted to engage the face 304 of the right bearing 296 to limit this leftward movement oi the pin 295, as is apparent from an inspection of Fig. 24. When the paper strip 268 is to be threaded over the drum 269, the pin 295 is withdrawn from the opening 291 by gripping the knob 302 and moving the pin 295 to the right, as viewed in Fig. 24, against the action of the spring 298. When the end 301 of the pin 295 has been completely withdrawn from the open ing 291, the entire gate 213 may be swung upwardly about the rod 282 to an inoperative or non-paper contacting position, as is apparent from Figs. 23 and 24.

The paper strip 268 is fed over the drum 269 from a roll carried by a supply reel 310 mounted on and driven by a supply spindle 31 I in a manner to be later described. From this reel, the strip passes under a spring pressed roller 312 which engages the strip to firmly press the latter against the surface of the drum, as shown in Fig. 5. This roller 312 is carried on the free end of an arm 313 pivoted at 314 to the machine frame. From the drum 269, the strip 268 passes over an idler roller 315 and then to a takeup reel 316 mounted on a takeup spindle 311 which is driven in a manner to be hereinafter described. In order to tightly draw the strip 268 over the drum, the roller 315 is mounted on the end of an arm 318 pivoted at 319 to a bracket 319a which also carries the takeup spindle 316. A coil spring 323 is connected to the arm 318 and tends to rotate the latter and hence the roller 315 in a counterclockwise direction about the pivot 319 to maintain the strip 268 in tight position over the drum 269.

The supply spindle 31 1 is mounted in ball bearings 321 positioned in the bracket 322, Fig. 19. The inner end of the spindle 311 has mounted thereon a member 323 adapted to extend into one y end of the hollow core 324 of the reel 310. A similar member 325 extends into the opposite end of the core 324 and cooperates with the member 323 to support. the spindle 310. 'I'he member 325 is preferably spring actuated, as' clearly shown in Fig. 19, and may be moved to the right, as viewed in Fig. 19 by means of a nger knob 326 to disengage the member 325 from the core 324 to permit removal or replacement of the reel 310. The takeup reel 315 is supported in an identical manner, and corresponding parts are designated by the same numerals. Each of the spindles 31 1 and 316 has splined thereon a sleeve 321 to the outer end of which a disk 328 is secured. A coil spring 329 surrounds each sleeve 321 and is interposed between the bracket 322 and the disk 328, and tends to urge the latter outwardly against a drive roller 330 of a variable speed friction drive which will be presently described. As the variable drives for the takeup and supply spindle are identical in construction only one will be described. Corresponding parts in the two drives will be designated by the same numerals.

The roller 330 is secured to one end of a sleeve 333 which is supported in ball bearings mounted in a bracket 334, Fig. 20. The sleeve is splined to a drive shaft 335 so that it may be driven thereby but may move axially therealong, as is well known. It is apparent that if the roller 333 is moved radially along the surface of the disk 328, the speed of rotation of spindle 31 1 will vary, the actual speed obviously depending on the position of the roller 330 on the disk 328. It is also apparent that as the strip 268 is unreeled from the supply reel 311|, the diameter of the paper roll will gradually decrease. In order to compensate for this gradual decrease in diameter, the speed of rotation of the supply reel 310 must be gradually increased by moving the roll 330 outwardly along the disk 328, as is apparent. Obviously the converse is true of the takeup reel. In the present embodiment therefore, the position of the roller 330 is controlled by the diameter of the paper roll on the reel. As the control mechanism is the same for both reels only that for the supply reel will be described. Corresponding parts of the takeup reels will be designated by the same numerals.

To this end, a bracket 336 is slidably mounted on a stub shaft 331 and is connected to the bracket 334 by a web 338 as best shown in Fig. 20. The opposite ends of the shaft 331 are supported in suitable bearings 339 formed on the machine frame. The brackets 334 and 336 and the connecting web 338 may thus move as a unit toposition the roller 330 on the disk 328. The bracket 336 carries an arm 340 on the end of which is mounted a small roller 341 arranged to -ride on the surface of the paper roll, and held thereagainst by a coil spring 342 one end of which is secured to web 338, as shown in Fig. 20. The roller 341 thus engages the periphery of the paper roll and positions the drive roll 338 in proper relation to the changing roll diameter, to vary the speed of the supply spindle, as will be apparent to those familiar with the art.

The drive shaft 335 is connected by a pair of bevel gears 343 and 344 to a shaft 345 on which is mounted a sprocket 346 connected Iby a chain 341 to a sprocket 343 mounted on the drum drive shaft 213, as best shown in Figs. 5 and 20. The bearing bracket 343 for the shaft 345 affords an anchor for the other end of the upper spring y eter of the paper roll thereon. f

A buzzer 354 is preferably connected into the circuit as shown in Fig. 25. 'I'he operating handie 355 of a tumbler switch is connected in any suitable and well known manner, to the variable speed drive for the supply reel so that when they supply of paper on the supply reel reaches a predetermined minimum, the movable speed drive moves the handle 355 to switch closing position to operate the buzzer to notify the operator that the supply of paper 263 needs replenishing.

lThe above-described feed roller 213, thel supply and takeup spindles 3|| and 3| 6, and the controls therefor, are all mounted in what may be called a paper housing 356, as clearly shown in Fig. 5. 'I'his housing is mounted on and supported by the machine frame and may, therefore, be broadly considered as a part thereof. The housing 356 is held in adjusted position on the adjacent portion 351 of' the machine frame by means of bolts 353 which pass through the bottom 359 of the housing 356 and into registering openings in the portion 351 as illustrated in Fig. 5. A vertical partition 363 extends the full height of the housing 356 and separates the paper reels and the advancing drum from the various drives and controls, as clearly shown in Fig. 19. The partition also serves as a support for the rod 232 on which the paper gate 213 is hung In order .to focus the image areas 3| on the paper strip 268, and to vary the size of the enlarged pictures or prints 213, the housing 356 is preferably made slightly adjustable on the frame portion 351. To this end, the portion 3'51 of the machine frame is provided with an upstanding support or bearing 36| 4adapted to receive a threaded end 362 of a shaft 363 the opposite end of which is journaled in a bearing 364 formed in the end wall 365 of the paper housing 356. The outer end of the shaft 363 has secured thereon a collar 366 formed with a plurality of wrench receiving holes 361 by which the shaft 363 may be rotated to move the housing 356 as a unit on the portion 351, as is apparentupon inspection of Fig. 5. Of course, before the housing is adjusted, the bolts 353 must first be loosened, and

after the adjustment has been made the bolts are again tightened to securely maintain the housing in adjusted position. During this ad-V justment of the housing, the clutch operating lever 13, Fig. 6, slides relative to the lever 66 by reason of the pin and slot connection 63 and 63, thepurpose of which is obvious.

When the drum 269 intermittently advances the paper strip 263, it is apparent that pictures or prints 213 are formed on the paper strip, as

`shown in Fig. 28 and above described. Four pairs of these pictures correspond to the eight negatives on the negative lm strip 33. In order that the prints 213 may be easily identified and assocated with the correct negative strip, the present invention provides suitable identifying means on the paper strip. In the present embodiment, this identifying means is inthe form of perforations 313 arranged along 4the edge of the strip 263, as

shown in Fig. 28. It is seen from this figure that these perforations are spaced a distance equal to four pairs of prints 213 thus each strip of eight pictures between adjacent -perforations 313 correspond to the eight negative` images 3| on the negative lm strip 33 from which the prints were made. By cutting the strips at the points designated by the perforations 313, the group of prints belonging to the various negative strips may' be separated. Trimming perforations 31| are also preferably arranged along the opposite edgeof the strip 263. These trimming perforations are positioned intermedia-te each pair of prints, as. shown in Fig. 28, so that each pair of prints may be separated, as is readily apparent from an inspection of this figure. 'I'he perfora tions are formed in the strip just prior to the openingof the shutter, as shown in timing chart, Fig. 26. 'Ihe perforating mechanism, broadly designated by the numeral 312, and to be presently described, is positioned just above the paper feeding or advancing drum 269, is best shown in Figs. 1 and 5.

'Ihe `paper perforators comprises a pair of plungers 313 reciprocally mounted in openings 314 formed in the opposite'ends of a frame member 315 of the shape best shown in Figs. 21 and 2 2 and rigidly secured in a suitable and wellknown mannerto 'the machine frame. A bottom plate 316 .closes the lower end of each of the openings 314 and provides a support for a coil spring 311 which surrounds a reduced portion 313v of the plunger, and tends to move the latter upwardly, as shown in Figs. 21-and 22. Small pins 319 project laterally from each plunger 313 and are movable in slots 333 formed in the frame` to prevent turningof the plunger in its opening. for reasons to be later pointed out. The lower end of each plunger is formed with a small perforating die 33|which is adapted to lbe moved downwardly through the bottom plate 316 and paper backing plate 332 between which the strip 263 is fed, as best shown in Fig. 22. The plates 316 and 332 are formed with alined openings 333 through which the die 33| may pass to perforate the paper, the perforated portion falling into a recess 384 formed in the support 335 for the backing plate 332. If desired a small container can be placed in the recess 334 to receive the perfora-tions. A suitably mounted idler roller 396 guides the strip 263 between the plates 316 and 332.

'I'he upper end of each plunger 313 has mounted thereon a roller 336 which is held in engage` ment with the cam 331 by reason 'of the spring 311. The pins 319 in the slot 333 maintain the rollers 336 in alinement with the cam surface.

The cams 331 are mounted on and driven by a cam shaft 333 which extends substantially parallel to the shaft 213 and is positioned above the drum 263 as shown in Figs. 1, 19 and 21. The shaft 333 is connected by a pair of bevel gears 333 to an inclined shaft 333 which in turn is connected by bevel gears 39| to a shaft 392 driven from the vertical shaft 43 through the bevel gears 333. all as shown in Fig. 1. 'I'he cam shaft 333 is thus continuously driven from the shaft 43 and at the same speed as the latter. One of the cams 331 is provided with four actuating portions 394 to form four trimming perforations 31|, and the other cam 331 is formed with a single actuating portion 395 to form a single identifying perforation 313.

Before printing is started, it is essential that all the various above described mechanisms be 

